Section 17(2) of the Income Tax Act in India pertains to the definition of "Salary" for income tax computation. Section 17(2) enumerates various components that are included in the definition of salary.
Includes wages, any annuity, pension, gratuity, fees, commissions, perquisites, profits instead of salary, advance of salary, leave encashment, etc.
Any allowances (except those specifically exempt) are included in the definition of salary. This encompasses house rent allowance (HRA), special allowances, dearness allowance (DA), etc.
Perquisites are any casual emoluments or benefits attached to an office or position, in addition to salary or wages. Examples include the value of rent-free accommodation, concessional loans, free or concessional education, etc.
Any payment due to or received by an employee in connection with the termination of his employment is considered a profit instead of salary.
Any pension or annuity received is included in the definition of salary.
“Perquisite” is defined in Section 17(2) as:
Any accommodation provided by the organisation
Rent concession provided to the employee by his/her employer
Amount paid by the organisation to an obligation that was made by the employee
Amenity or any benefit made available at a concessional rate or free to employees
Any sweat equity shares or specified security transferred or allotted, indirectly or directly, by the organisation, at a concessional rate or without charge to the employee.
Amount liable to the organisation, through a fund or directly to effect life insurance of the employee
The amount contributed to a superannuation fund by the organisation about the employee
Value of fringe benefits or amenities
Income is taxable under the head 'Salaries' only if they fulfill the following criteria:
Allowed during the continuance of the employment
Allowed by an employer to his employee
Resulting in personal advantage for the employee
Directly dependent upon the service
Derived as a result of the employer's authority
Note: A prerequisite does not necessarily have to be a regular or recurring receipt. A non-recurring receipt can also be termed as a perquisite, provided it fulfils the aforementioned conditions.
Perquisites can be divided into the following three categories:
Perquisites that are taxable in all cases
Perquisites that are not taxable
Perquisites that are not taxable for specified employees.
Rent-Free Accommodation: The value of rent-free accommodation provided by the employer is generally taxable. However, there are specific exemptions for certain government employees and employees in specified cases.
Concessional Rent Accommodation: If an employee receives accommodation from the employer at a rent lower than the specified rates, the difference between the actual rent paid by the employee and the specified rate is treated as a perquisite and is taxable.
Motor Car Perquisites: The personal use of a motor car provided by the employer is generally taxable. The valuation is based on factors like the cubic capacity of the car and whether a chauffeur is provided.
Interest-Free or Concessional Loans: The value of interest-free or concessional loans provided by the employer to the employee is taxable. The valuation is based on prescribed interest rates.
Club Memberships Perquisites: The value of club memberships provided by the employer, whether free or at a concessional rate, is generally taxable.
Conveyance Allowance: Conveyance allowance granted to meet the expenditure on conveyance in the performance of duties is exempt up to specified limits.
Leave Travel Concession (LTC): Ltc for travel within India is exempt subject to certain conditions and limits.
Medical Reimbursement: Reimbursement of medical expenses actually incurred by the employee for himself and his family is exempt up to specified limits.
Telephone and Internet Expenses: Actual expenses incurred on the provision of a telephone and internet connection for official purposes are generally exempt.
The value of perquisites as per Section 17(2) about the employee is the cost that it has incurred to the organisation. However, there are rules for this valuation that have been mentioned in income tax rules for certain perquisites.
Non-government Employees:
The perquisite value is -
15% of the salary in cities with a population of over 25 lakh people
10% in case the population is over 10 lakh but not more than 25 lakh people
7.5% if the population is lower than 10 lakh people
The perquisite value is the rent or lease payable/paid by the organisation or 15% of the salary, whichever is less, if housing is supplied and not owned
Employees of State or Union Government:
The perquisite value is the licence fee as mentioned by the government of India as reduced by the rent that is paid by the individual.
The value of perquisite for hotel accommodation will be 24% of the salary or the charges payable/paid to the hotel, whichever is lesser. The valuation mentioned above will be reduced by any rent that is payable or paid by the employee.
Please note that the perquisite will not arise if the individual is provided accommodation if he/she transfers for some time of up to 15 days.
The value is the same as the valuation of accommodation that is unfurnished, increased by 10% per year of the furniture cost. If the furniture is rented from another party, the value of the unfurnished accommodation will be hiked by the charges payable/paid by the organisation.
With effect from 1st April 2008, if an organisation provides a motor car facility to its employees, they are not required to pay fringe benefits tax. The perquisite valuation would be:
a. If the motor car is leased or owned by the organisation
Used only for official purposes: Not taxable in the hands of the employee irrespective of the cubic capacity of the engine
Used for both personal and official purposes
b. If running and maintenance cost is compensated by the organisation
If the cubic capacity is within 1.6 litre: ₹1,800 per month + ₹900 per month (If the driver is provided)
If the cubic capacity is over 1.6 litre: ₹2,400 per month + ₹900 per month (If the driver is provided)
c. If maintenance and running cost is compensated by the employee
If the cubic capacity is within 1.6 litre: ₹600 per month + ₹900 per month (If the driver is provided)
If the cubic capacity is over 1.6 litre: ₹900 per month + ₹900 per month (If the driver is provided)
Used only for personal purpose: Completely taxable in the hands of the employee irrespective of the cubic capacity of the engine
d. If the motor car is owned by the employee but maintenance, running and driver’s salary is reimbursed by organisation
Used only for official purposes: Not taxable in the hands of the employee irrespective of the cubic capacity of the engine.
Used for both personal and official purposes
e. If maintenance and running cost is reimbursed by the employer
If the cubic capacity is within 1.6 liter: Actual expenses - ₹2,700 per month
If the cubic capacity exceeds 1.6 liter: Actual expenses - ₹3,300 per month
f. If the employee owns another vehicle but maintenance and running is reimbursed by organisation
Used only for official purposes: Not taxable in the hands of the employee if the cubic capacity of the engine is within 1.6 litres.
Used for both personal and official purposes: If maintenance and running cost is compensated by the organisation -
If the cubic capacity is within 1.6 litre: Actual expenses - ₹900 per month
If the cubic capacity exceeds 1.6 litre: NA
It is the amount that is paid by the organisation to the agency that supplies electric energy, water or gas.
If the organisation supplies the same from its own resources, then the value of perquisites is the cost of manufacturing per unit that is payable by the organisation
On the other hand, any payment that is received from the individual will be reduced from this amount.
The value of this perquisite will be the expenses incurred by the organisation
If the institution is owned and maintained by the organisation, then the value will not be applicable
Value of this perquisite will be the cost at which the benefit is offered to taxpayers as reduced by the amount, if any is retrieved from the employee
The benefits are not available to individuals who work in railways or an airline
The value will be the cost that is covered for by the organisation, in which the amount that is covered for by the employee for the services is reduced.
The perquisite valuation will be the difference between the interest paid by any member of the employee’s family or the employee himself.
The value of this prerequisite for free beverages and food provided by an employer exempt from paying fringe benefit tax to an employee is equal to the employer's costs
This excludes any amount paid by the employee or reimbursed by them for such benefits or perks
If beverages and food are offered throughout working hours and these benefits meet certain requirements outlined in Rule 3(7)(iii), no perquisite value will be deducted
The value of this perquisite that the employee receives from an employer exempt from paying fringe benefit tax, shall be the amount specified on the gift, token or voucher.
However, if the total value of such a voucher, gift or value taken throughout the prior years is less than ₹5000, no perquisite value will be taken
The value of perquisite for expenses made by the employee that are charged to an employer-provided credit card, not subject to fringe benefit tax
Also, if the amount is reimbursed/paid to an employee by such organisation, it shall be the amount reimbursed or paid by the organisation
If certain requirements outlined in Rule 3(7)(v) are met and the expenses are paid entirely and only for official purposes, no perquisite value will be deducted
About costs incurred in a club by the employee, the amount reimbursed or paid by the employer to the employee who is exempt from paying fringe benefits tax will be taken to be the amount reimbursed or paid by the employer
Also, any amount paid to or recovered from the individual on such an account is reduced.
The valuation will not be considered, nevertheless, if the amount is fully/primarily for business-related reasons and qualifies under specific criteria specified in Rule 3(7)(vi)
The stock is listed on the stock exchange on the date the option is exercised: The market value is determined by averaging the opening and closing prices of the shares on that day on the exchange.
The stock is not listed on the stock exchange on the date the option is exercised: The market value will be that share's worth as determined by a banker on that date.
On the date the employee exercises the option, the market value of any specific security—other than an equity stake in a company—shall be the value established on that date by a merchant banker.
The Section 17(2) mentions ‘perquisites’ as any benefit or any casual emolument that comes along with a position or office, in addition to wages or salary. These can be provided either in cash or kind.
There are three types of perquisites—exempted, taxable and perquisites taxable only by employees.
Accommodation, cars and stocks are a few examples of perquisites offered by an employer.
The value of perquisites under Section 17(2) in the hands of the employee is the cost that it has incurred to the organisation.