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Stocks Insights

Defensive Interval Ratio: Meaning, Formula & Example

Anshika Posted on November 06, 2025

Learn how the defensive interval ratio helps businesses and investors evaluate short-term liquidity and the ability to sustain operations using liquid assets without relying on future revenues.

The defensive interval ratio (DIR) is a liquidity metric that shows how many days a company can continue to meet its operating expenses using only its liquid assets, such as cash, marketable securities, and receivables. It offers a more conservative view of liquidity compared to traditional ratios, as it focuses on highly liquid resources.

What is the Defensive Interval Ratio

The defensive interval ratio measures the number of days a business can operate using its current liquid assets without generating additional revenue. Unlike the current ratio or quick ratio, which compares assets to liabilities, the DIR focuses on expenses, making it more practical for day-to-day liquidity analysis.

This ratio is particularly useful in stress testing financial resilience, as it highlights how long a company can sustain itself if cash inflows are delayed or disrupted.

Defensive Interval Ratio Formula

The formula for calculating the defensive interval ratio is:

  • Defensive Interval Ratio = (Cash + Marketable Securities + Accounts Receivable) ÷ Daily Operating Expenses

Where:

  • Cash & Marketable Securities represent highly liquid assets.

  • Accounts Receivable is included as it can be converted to cash quickly.

  • Daily Operating Expenses = Annual Operating Expenses ÷ 365

This formula essentially indicates how many days the company can continue covering its costs with liquid assets alone.

Example of Defensive Interval Ratio Calculation

Suppose a company has:

  • Cash = ₹50,00,000

  • Marketable Securities = ₹20,00,000

  • Accounts Receivable = ₹30,00,000

  • Annual Operating Expenses = ₹3,65,00,000

Daily Operating Expenses = ₹3,65,00,000 ÷ 365 = ₹1,00,000

Defensive Interval Ratio = (₹50,00,000 + ₹20,00,000 + ₹30,00,000) ÷ ₹1,00,000 = 100 days

This means the company can sustain its operations for 100 days using its liquid assets without needing new revenue inflows.

Importance of Defensive Interval Ratio

The DIR holds significance for several reasons:

  • Practical Liquidity Check: Offers a more operationally relevant measure than current ratio.

  • Risk Management: Helps assess how well a company can withstand short-term disruptions in cash inflows.

  • Investor Confidence: Signals financial resilience to creditors and investors.

  • Planning Tool: May support assessments related to reserve levels and operational continuity.

Limitations of Defensive Interval Ratio

Despite its usefulness, the DIR has certain limitations:

  • Industry Dependence: Standard benchmarks vary across industries.

  • Expense Fluctuations: Daily expenses may not remain consistent, affecting accuracy.

  • Ignores Liabilities: Unlike the current ratio, it does not directly compare against liabilities.

  • Short-Term Focus: Suitable for short-term liquidity analysis, not long-term solvency

Comparison with Other Liquidity Ratios

Here’s how the defensive interval ratio compares with other key liquidity measures:
Ratio Formula Focus

Current Ratio

Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities

Overall ability to pay short-term obligations

Quick Ratio

(Current Assets – Inventory) ÷ Current Liabilities

Ability to pay obligations without relying on inventory

Cash Ratio

Cash ÷ Current Liabilities

Strictest liquidity measure, only cash and equivalents

Defensive Interval Ratio

(Cash + Securities + Receivables) ÷ Daily Operating Expenses

Number of days expenses can be covered by liquid assets

This shows that the DIR complements other liquidity ratios by providing a time-based perspective.

Conclusion

The defensive interval ratio is a conservative but practical measure of liquidity, showing how long a company can sustain its expenses using its most liquid assets. While not a standalone measure, it is most effective when combined with other ratios like current and quick ratios to present a full picture of financial health.

Disclaimer

This content is for informational purposes only and the same should not be construed as investment advice. Bajaj Finserv Direct Limited shall not be liable or responsible for any investment decision that you may take based on this content.

FAQs

Why is defensive interval ratio important?

The defensive interval ratio is important because it shows how many days a company can continue paying its expenses using liquid assets, making it a useful tool for evaluating short-term liquidity based on expenses.

What does a high defensive interval ratio indicate?

A high defensive interval ratio indicates that the company has ample liquid resources to cover expenses for a longer period, reflecting financial strength and resilience.

What does a low defensive interval ratio mean?

A low defensive interval ratio means the company may struggle to sustain operations if revenue inflows stop, indicating weaker short-term liquidity.

What are the 5 main types of ratios?

The five main types of financial ratios are liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, efficiency ratios, solvency ratios, and market ratios.

What is the formula for the defensive interval ratio?

The formula is: Defensive Interval Ratio = (Cash + Marketable Securities + Accounts Receivable) ÷ Daily Operating Expenses.
Hi! I’m Anshika
Financial Content Specialist

Anshika brings 7+ years of experience in stock market operations, project management, and investment banking processes. She has led cross-functional initiatives and managed the delivery of digital investment portals. Backed by industry certifications, she holds a strong foundation in financial operations. With deep expertise in capital markets, she connects strategy with execution, ensuring compliance to deliver impact. 

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What is Cash Trading
Posted on 30 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What Is Capitulation in the Stock Market
Posted on 30 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
How Does Inflation Impact the Stock Market
Posted on 30 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Are Effective Risk Management Techniques for Intraday Trading
Posted on 30 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) Explained: Examples and Risks
Posted on 30 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
How Did the IL&FS Crisis Trigger Panic in the Indian Market
Posted on 30 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
How Herd Mentality Affects Stock Market Bubbles and Crashes
Posted on 30 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Is an Angel Investor and How Do Angel Investors Work
Posted on 30 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Overnight Trading?
Posted on 30 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Major Debt Free Companies in India
Posted on 30 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is the Difference Between Top Line and Bottom Line Growth
Posted on 30 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Are Trailing Returns and How Are They Calculated
Posted on 30 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
ETF Taxation in India
Posted on 30 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Dollar-Cost Averaging: Does It Work in India
Posted on 30 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
How to Adjust Your Investment Portfolio in Bull and Bear Markets
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Multi-Leg Strategies in Option Trading
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Averaging Up in Stock Trading
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Understanding Financial Securities
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Everything About the Launch of BSE Futures & Options and Option Chain
Posted on 29 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Understanding FPOs and QIPs: Methods for Raising Capital in Indian Markets
Posted on 29 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Understanding Diluted Shares and Their Impact on Investors
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
How to Gift Shares to Your Loved Ones: A Complete Guide
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
How Different Types of ETFs Have Performed in the Indian Market
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Primary Market vs Secondary Market: What’s the Difference?
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Meant By Bottom-Of-The-Pyramid Customers
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Understanding Multi-Cap Fund Rebalancing
Posted on 29 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What is a Meme Stock Understanding the Viral Trading Phenomenon
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Escrow Shares
Posted on 29 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What is Operating Margin Meaning, Formula, and Importance Explained
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Should Retail Investors Follow FII Activity? Pros and Cons Explained
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Are Inflation-Indexed Bonds? Work and Why Investors Use Them
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Institutional Investor Meaning Working Types and Impact on Market
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Debt to Equity (DE) Ratio
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Benjamin Graham’s 7 Criteria for Defensive Investors: A Timeless Value Investing Guide
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Most Common Functions of a Stock Exchange You Must Know
Posted on 29 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Understanding Commodities Exchanges: Key Functions and Market Types
Posted on 25 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Open Market Operations (OMO): How RBI Controls Money Supply
Posted on 25 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Understanding Stock Market Fluctuations: Causes, Effects, and How to Navigate Them
Posted on 23 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Is Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)? Meaning & Why It Matters in Investing
Posted on 22 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Margin of Safety in Stocks – Meaning, Importance & Benefits
Posted on 22 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Trading Terminal
Posted on 22 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
SEBI Guidelines on Share Buyback: Key Rules Every Investor Should Know
Posted on 22 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What is a Back‑Door Listing
Posted on 22 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
How To Identify A Stock Broker
Posted on 22 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Key Differences Between Cyclical and Defensive Stocks
Posted on 22 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What is Alphabet Stock
Posted on 22 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
How DIY Investing Adds Value to Your Portfolio
Posted on 22 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Common Reasons for Stock Price Fluctuations
Posted on 22 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Sub Broker
Posted on 22 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Is a Stock Market Bubble? Explained Simply
Posted on 22 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Discount Broker vs Full-Service Broker
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Silver ETFs in India: All You Need to Know Before You Invest
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What’s the Difference Between Market Value and Intrinsic Value?
Posted on 20 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Value Investing: Definition, How It Works, Strategies, Risks
Posted on 20 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What Is a Cross Rate? Meaning and Examples Explained
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Alternate Investment Funds (AIFs) Explained: Types, Benefits & Risks
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Understanding Forward Contracts: How They Work and Why They're Used
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Book Value vs. Market Value: Key Differences and Why They Matter to Investors
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Understanding Stock Market Headwinds and Their Impact on Investors
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Are Market Indicators and Why Do They Matter
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Commodity Market Timings: When and What You Can Trade
Posted on 20 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Bull vs. Bear Markets: What’s The Difference?
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is a Proxy Statement
Posted on 20 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Market Correction – Definition & Factors to Consider
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Introduction to Trading Psychology
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Is Backstop in Stock Market: A Comprehensive Guide
Posted on 20 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What is a Negative Volume Index in Stock Market
Posted on 20 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Trading Floor: Method & Types
Posted on 20 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Understanding Commodity Futures: Meaning, Types & Benefits
Posted on 19 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What Is a Maturity Date
Posted on 19 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Bullion Market — Meaning and Its Benefits
Posted on 19 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Things to Look at Before Investing in Equity Fund
Posted on 19 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
The Importance of Diversification in Investing: A Beginner’s Guide
Posted on 19 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Auction Market
Posted on 19 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) Format, Purpose & Application Process
Posted on 19 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
India’s Metal Sector: A Comprehensive Industry Overview and Market Outlook
Posted on 19 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is High-Frequency Trading Everything You Need to Know
Posted on 19 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Power Stocks: Key Drivers
Posted on 19 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Causes FII Inflows and Outflows? Key Factors Explained
Posted on 19 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Union Budget 2025 Impact on Major Sectors & Stock Market
Posted on 19 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)
Posted on 19 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Physical Delivery in Commodity Trading?
Posted on 18 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Is Algorithmic Trading Legal and Profitable
Posted on 18 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Consolidated Fund of India
Posted on 18 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Everything About Public Sector Undertakings PSUs in India
Posted on 18 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Income Tax Return Filing for Futures and Options F&O Traders
Posted on 18 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
FAAMG Stocks Explained A Deep Dive into Facebook Google Amazon Apple and Microsoft
Posted on 18 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Smart Strategies to Manage Volatility in the Stock Market
Posted on 18 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Indian Auto Stocks: Key Trends and Picks
Posted on 18 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Benefits and Risks in Index Options Trading
Posted on 18 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Is an Economic Moat? A Key Concept in Stock Evaluation
Posted on 18 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What Does SEBI’s Move to T+1 Settlement Mean for Indian Stock Markets?
Posted on 17 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What is NCDEX in Share Market Meaning, Functions, and Benefits
Posted on 17 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Large Cap vs Mid Cap vs Small Cap: Which is Better for Investment
Posted on 17 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Should You Invest in Partly Paid Shares: Key Benefits & Considerations
Posted on 17 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Margin Shortfall in MTF
Posted on 16 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Understanding Stock Market Crashes: Why They Happen and What to Do
Posted on 16 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Is a Displaced Moving Average (DMA) Definition & Uses
Posted on 16 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Lumpsum Calculator in the Stock Market
Posted on 16 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
History of ITC Group
Posted on 16 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
What Is a Liquidity Trap and Why Should Investors Care
Posted on 16 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Options Delta – Impact on Pricing & Risk Management
Posted on 15 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
How to Trade Risk-Free Using a Demo Account
Posted on 15 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Difference Between Online Trading and Offline Trading
Posted on 15 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Automated Trading Tools in the Stock Market: Benefits & Overview
Posted on 15 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Understanding the Secondary Market Role in the Stock Market & How It Works
Posted on 15 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What Is the Meaning of Credit Balance in a Trading Account
Posted on 15 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Insider Trading: Meaning, Examples and SEBI Regulations
Posted on 15 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
How to Create a Successful Day Trading Plan
Posted on 15 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Essential Things to Know Before Buying Fractional Shares
Posted on 15 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Market Depth (DOM)? Meaning, Importance & How to Use It in Trading
Posted on 12 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Percentage Gain and How Does it Work
Posted on 12 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Evaluating the Benefits and Risks of Algo Trading
Posted on 12 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on Stock Prices Explained
Posted on 12 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Strategies to Identify Entry and Exit Points in the Stock Market
Posted on 12 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
What is Trend Trading? Types, Examples & How It Works
Posted on 12 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Value at Risk (VaR): Meaning, Examples, Types & Formula
Posted on 12 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
Beginner’s Guide to Derivatives Trading with FnO
Posted on 12 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
SEBI’s Role in Regulating Stock Markets in India
Posted on 12 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Understanding Share Pledging by Promoters and Its Impact on Investors
Posted on 12 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Coupon Rate vs Yield to Maturity: Key Differences Explained
Posted on 12 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
How Margin Trading Works to Reduce Risk in Online Trades
Posted on 12 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Why People Buy Shares – Top Reasons Explained
Posted on 12 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
How Index Rebalancing Works and Why It Matters to Investors
Posted on 11 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
How to Identify High Dividend Paying Stocks
Posted on 11 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Common Options Trading Strategies Every Trader Should Know
Posted on 11 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
How to Balance Short‑Term and Long‑Term Investment Returns
Posted on 11 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Advantages and Disadvantages of Share Buyback
Posted on 11 Sep

Anshika
Stocks Insights
How Can an Investor Track Their Equity (Stock) Portfolio
Posted on 11 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Forward Market & Its Meaning, Types and Benefits
Posted on 11 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Common Investing Mistakes Investors Should Avoid
Posted on 11 Sep

Nupur Wankhede
Stocks Insights
Must-Know Indicators for Options Traders: A Beginner’s Guide
Posted on 11 Sep

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