Ethical investing functions through a range of methods that help identify and select suitable options:
Screening
Negative screening excludes industries such as tobacco, gambling, or fossil fuels, while positive screening includes companies with strong sustainability records.
ESG Integration
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors are considered alongside financial data to assess an organisation’s long-term practices.
Impact Assessment
This approach focuses on measuring the real-world effect of an investment, such as reduced emissions or improved community welfare.
Stewardship
Some investors engage with company leadership, vote on resolutions, and encourage businesses to adopt more ethical practices.
Mutual funds and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) are increasingly structured around ethical criteria, providing diversified options to individuals seeking socially responsible exposure.
In India, SEBI mandates the largest 1000 listed companies to publish Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reports (BRSR). ESG-themed mutual funds are regulated under SEBI’s mutual fund guidelines, ensuring transparency and proper disclosure for investors.