Every card transaction passes through several layers of verification to ensure safety and accuracy. Here are the main types of credit card validation checks that protect you from fraud and unauthorised payments:
Luhn Algorithm Check
This is the most common and important validation method. It uses a mathematical formula to verify that the sequence of numbers on a credit card follows a valid pattern. If even one digit is incorrect, the system instantly rejects the card, preventing mistakes and potential fraud.
Issuer Identification Number (IIN) Check
The first six digits of your card form the IIN, which identifies the issuing bank and card network. Validators compare this number with an official database to ensure it matches a genuine issuer such as Visa, MasterCard, or RuPay. This helps block fake cards that use random or invalid bank codes.
Card Verification Value (CVV) Check
The CVV is the three- or four-digit code printed on your card. Validators use this number to confirm that the person making the payment physically possesses the card. This is especially crucial for online transactions, reducing the chances of stolen card information being used.
Expiry Date Check
Validators confirm that the card is still active by checking its expiry date. This simple yet important step ensures that expired cards are not used for payments, preventing transaction errors and chargebacks for both customers and merchants.
Bank Identification Number (BIN) Check
Similar to the IIN, the BIN verification identifies the bank and card type based on the first few digits. Validators cross-check these numbers against a list of authorised issuers. This helps detect cloned or counterfeit cards often used in online scams.
Address Verification Service (AVS) Check
This check matches the billing address entered during payment with the address registered with the card issuer. If the two do not match, the transaction is flagged for review. AVS checks are particularly effective in credit card fraud detection, helping merchants avoid unauthorised or suspicious payments.